There were a number of techniques used to create this illusionistic 3D world in the walls. The villa is located at Primaporta, just north of Rome. This fresco of a gardenscape is a perfect example of the second style Roman wall painting. It is a ‘picture-window mural” and has been painted on the walls of a Villa that had been dedicated to Empress Livia, wife of the Roman Emperor Augustus. Instead, Second style artists painted the walls of a room with the aim to create the illusion that a three-dimensional world is surrounding you. The ancients began to study the science of optics – and this evolved into a way for artists to mimic the world around them in a more realistic fashion using light and shadow.Second style painting began around 80 BCE and was completely different from the First style. Understanding the way that light behaves in a particular environment allows for a painter to create rich, realistic imagery which is closest to our own human interpretation of what we see around us every day. The use of light and shadow was first introduced in the ancient fresco paintings of the Romans (as well as the Greeks). Unfortunately the skill they development for perspective would disappear from art until the fifteenth century! Light and shadow in Roman art Rather, the Roman artists knew what perspective was and how to use it. This level of understanding of perspective demonstrated in Roman painting could not have come about by accident or purely from naked eye observation. However, the painting shows a clear and practical understanding that the lines converge at the viewers line of sight. ![]() Detail of the Roman painting from the villa of Publius Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale. ![]() Roman artists understood how perspective works in a painting.
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